Is Light a Wave or a Particle?

Is Light a Wave or a Particle? Is light a wave or an assortment of particles? The appropriate response is both, Light can be displayed as an electromagnetic wave or a flood of photons Light is an electromagnetic wave as it goes through a vacuum of space to move its vitality starting with one area then onto the next. ( The material science study hall, 1996-2014) Electromagnetic waves are made by the vibration of an electric charge. This vibration makes a wave which has both an electric and an attractive segment. An electromagnetic wave move its vitality through a vacuum at a speed of 3.00 x 108 m/s (a speed esteem ordinarily spoke to by the image c). The Wave hypothesis of was initially evolved by Huygens His hypothesis said that light gone through space by going through a medium known as the ether, a supernatural weightless substance, which exists as an undetectable element all through air and space. Huygens accepted that ether vibrated a similar way as light, and framed a wave itself as it conveyed the light waves. Huygens Principle depicted how each point on a wave could deliver its own wavelets, which at that point included to shape a wavefront. Light additionally shows certain properties of waves, for example, reflection, refraction and diffraction. These happen when a wave arrives at the finish of the medium. Reflection is the point at which the light ricochets off a hindrance. The most widely recognized model is the impression of light waves off reflected surface outcomes in the development of a picture. Another trait of wave reflection is that the edge at which the wave moves toward a level reflecting surface is equivalent to the edge at which the wave leaves the surface. Reflection is seen in water and sound waves and is likewise seen in light. (The material science homeroom, 1996-2014) Refraction is the point at which a wave goes starting with one medium then onto the next medium. At the point when the wave crosses the limit between the two mediums the heading of the wave changes and the way of the wave is basically bowed. The course of the twist relies upon the speed at which the wave is traveling through the mediums, in the event that it is moving from a quick medium to a moderate medium it will twist one way and going from a moderate medium to a quick medium it will twist the contrary way. The point of the curve will rely upon the genuine paces of the two mediums. (The material science homeroom, 1996-2014) Refraction happens in sound and water waves. It very well may be found in light in the refraction of light through a glass or a hallucination is an optical deception caused when light waves moving from the sky toward the ground are twisted by the warmed air Diffraction includes an adjustment in bearing of waves as they go through an opening or around an impediment in their way. Water and sound waves can go around corners, around hindrances and through openings. At the point when light experiences an impediment in its way, the hindrance obstructs the light and will in general reason the development of a shadow in the area behind the snag. Light doesn't display an entirely observable capacity to twist around the deterrent and fill in the district behind it with light. In any case, light diffracts around deterrents. Indeed, in the event that you watch a shadow cautiously, you will see that its edges are incredibly fluffy. Impedance impacts happen because of the diffraction of light around various sides of the item, making the shadow of the article be fluffy. This is regularly shown with a laser light and penny exhibit. Light diffracting around the correct edge of a penny can productively and dangerously meddle with light diffracting around the left edge of the penny. The outcome is that an obstruction design is made; the example comprises of exchanging rings of light and obscurity. As can be found in this photograph. How might we test if light is a wave? An examination called the twofold cut investigation was planned by the researcher Thomas Young. It required a light source, a slim card with two gaps cut next to each other and a screen. To run the investigation, Young permitted a light emission to go through a pinhole and strike the card. In the event that light contained particles or straightforward straight-line beams, he contemplated, light not hindered by the dark card would go through the cuts and travel in an orderly fashion to the screen, where it would frame two splendid spots. This isnt what Young watched. Rather, he saw a standardized identification example of substituting light and dim groups on the screen. To clarify this surprising example, he envisioned light going through space like a water wave, with peaks and troughs. Thinking along these lines, he reasoned that light waves went through every one of the cuts, making two separate wave fronts. As these wave fronts showed up at the screen, they meddled with one another. Brilliant groups framed where two wave peaks covered and included. Dull groups shaped where peaks and troughs arranged and counteracted each other totally. This demonstrates the hypothe sis that light is a wave. The molecule hypothesis of light This hypothesis was created by Sir Isaac Newton and Albert Eistein and said that the vitality discharged by light went as little least amounts or bundles of electromagnetic vitality called photons As per the photon hypothesis of light, photons . . . move at a consistent velocity,c= 3 x 108m/s (for example the speed of light), in free space have zero mass convey vitality and force, and The vitality of every photon is straightforwardly relative to the recurrence of the radiation. can be annihilated/made when radiation is retained/produced. can have molecule like communications (for example impacts) with electrons and different particles. (Jones, 2014) The photoelectric impact bolsters the molecule hypothesis of light The photoelectric impact is where a metal discharges electrons when presented to light or electromagnetic radiation of a specific recurrence. These discharged electrons are called photoelectrons. So fundamentally this is the manner by which it works Each metal has an edge recurrence this is the base recurrence of light or electromagnetic radiation that will causes the arrival of electron from the outside of a metal. This is on the grounds that this recurrence will gracefully the base measure of vitality expected to beat the power of fascination between the metal and the electron this is known as the work capacity of the metal What happens is the point at which a light photon with vitality equivalent to hf (h being boards steady and f being more prominent than or equivalent to the edge recurrence) strikes a metal surface all the vitality of the photon is moved to the electron. (Louw, 2014) Another approach to demonstrate the molecule hypothesis is the Atomic Spectra Outflow spectra are delivered when light from a light source, for example, a fiber or a gas release tube is seen through a diffraction grinding or a crystal Continous spectra are delivered when light from a gleaming strong state material, for example, a fiber goes through a triangular crystal. This is on the grounds that Energy advances occur this implies in an iota electrons have explicit vitality levels as should be obvious An electron is eager to a precarious higher vitality level and afterward falls back to a lower level. Photons with a particular vitality and recurrence are radiated. In such thick substances, the particles are so near one another that a wide range of changes of electrons can happen and light photons of any frequency can be emanated. This outcomes in the various hues being discharged. The creation of the line discharge spectra A shining gas is gotten by warming it or passing an electric flow through it The shining gas in the release tube is then seen through a diffraction grinding ( a diffraction making is a straightforward plate on which equal lines are governed intently à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢ ±600 per mm The electrons in a particle have just explicit vitality levels At the point when a particle is in a vaporous state, electrons can be eager to a higher vitality level through warmth or power The electrons ingest a discrete measure of vitality for a particular hop for instance between vitality level 3 and 1 The energized state is flimsy so the electron falls back very quickly to a lower level and radiates light vitality as photons The vitality of a transmitted photon rises to the vitality distinction between the higher and lower vitality levels. The vitality is discharged as light with an unequivocal recurrence and explicit shading. Every component will deliver an alternate line spectra because of the varying vitality levels Nuclear spectras that are watched must be clarified if light was a surge of particles. It can along these lines be expressed that light as double molecule wave nature Pictures (Richard Anderson, 2011) (Top ten thailand , 2014) (Abovetopsecret, 2014) (Atal, 2011) (Britannica, 2014) (HowStuffWorks, 2014) (xsgeo, 1999) (Mastin, 2009) (Greenfield, 2002) (Paley, 2010) (Norton, 2013) (Anon., n.d.) (University of Nebraska Lincoln, 2014) Book reference The material science homeroom, 1996-2014. Engendering of an Electromagnetic Wave. [Online] Available at: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/waves/em.cfm [Accessed 24 September 2014]. Abovetopsecret, 2014. Scalar waves. [Online] Available at: http://www.abovetopsecret.com/discussion/thread986938/pg4 [Accessed 24 September 2014]. Anon., n.d. Tumbler. [Online] Available at: http://onemeonelife.tumblr.com/[Accessed 1 October 2014]. Atal, A., 2011. Davissonâ€Germer Experiment. [Online] Available at: http://sciencesummit.wordpress.com/2011/05/12/davissonâ€germer-analyze/[Accessed 24 September 2014]. Britannica, 2014. Desert Mirage. [Online] Available at: http://kids.britannica.com/rudimentary/craftsmanship 89417/A-hallucination in-the-desert-of-Namibia-drives individuals to [Accessed 24 September 2014]. Greenfield, D., 2002. Optical systems administration: basics of light. [Online] Available at: http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=27658 [Accessed 1 October 2014]. HowStuffWorks, 2014. How light functions. [Online] Available at: http://science.howstuffworks.com/light3.htm [Accessed 24 September 2014]. Jones, A. Z., 2014. What is a phot

Reconciling two approaches to attribution of the 2010 Russian heat Research Paper - 1

Accommodating two ways to deal with attribution of the 2010 Russian warmth wave - Research Paper Example The a dangerous atmospheric devation pestilence prompted an expansion in the anthropogenic ozone depleting substance fixations in the environment. Their convincing result profoundly repudiated those of (Dole et al.) they expressed that they utilized data assembled from a huge gathering entertainment explore including an environmental and general dissemination imitation to display that there is no considerable test between the two papers. At the end of the day, a similar occasion can happen because of interior age in specifications of extent and outer drives in arrangements of event likelihood. The differentiation in the finishes of the papers shows the hugeness of precise and compact determinations of the inquiries posed in tending to the issue with regards to affirmation of individual climate examples to the outer drivers of environmental change. There were theories that there are conflicting clarifications in responding to the topic of whether the warmth wave happened normally or the degree of the anthropogenic gas discharges coordinated the reason. Nonetheless, given the measurable information cumulated where 55,000 individuals lost their lives, a drop in the yearly yield creation by 25%, and a general misfortune in the economy of an approximated 15billion dollar incited the examination of a response to the general public. The warmth wave started toward the beginning of July and arrived at its record temperatures late July and the temperatures began diminishing in August. August nineteenth was the last break in the high warmth. The steadiness presented by the odd high temperatures stretching out longer than a month was likely because of a sticking situation normal in these zones. In 2010, the blocking taking off was massively tenacious and extreme joined by temperatures 50C over the ordinary mean. Taking into mind the finan cial and environmental components impacts of such occasions they are of intrigue whether, or to what degree,

Start early! Four things applicants should do now COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Start early! Four things applicants should do now COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The 2020 application is open, and we encourage all applicants to get an early start! While the deadlines for regular consideration are not until January 5, 2020 (for fellowship consideration) and February 5, 2020 (no fellowship consideration), applicants who apply by November 1, 2019 will receive early action consideration. Spring applicants have until October 15, 2019. Whichever deadline you’re shooting for, starting now will make the application process much smoother. Here are the first four things you should do: Create a checklist As you research your graduate school options, it’s important to consolidate all of the application requirements and deadlines into a checklist to keep you on track. I used a simple Excel spreadsheet to track my progress on each of SIPA’s application requirements and assigned myself a deadline to complete each of them. It can also be helpful to share your goals with a friend or family member who can help keep you accountable. Schedule the GRE/GMAT Schedule your exam date now! I scheduled my GRE as soon as I started studying and it really helped motivate me to stay on track with my study plan (especially with the prospect of the $205 test fee going to waste). I also recommend taking the exam as early as possible so that you have time to retake it if you are not satisfied with your score the first time. SIPA will consider your highest scores. Contact potential recommenders Begin contacting potential recommenders now to give them plenty of time to write a strong letter of recommendation. SIPA requires two letters for the MIA/MPA application, but applicants can submit up to three letters. It is a good idea to have 3-4 recommenders in mind just in case something falls through with one. Start drafting your personal statement The personal statement is a vital part of your application because it tells the Admissions Committee how your past experiences prepare you to succeed at SIPA and how you plan to have an impact after graduation. Starting this early allows you to carefully research the academic and extracurricular opportunities available at SIPA so that you can articulate specifically why you are a good fit for the program. You’ll also definitely want time to have a friend or mentor review your personal statement. They can help you spot grammatical errors, and they also may have a great suggestion for something you should include about yourself. Taking these four steps now will give you a great head start on the application. We wish you the best of luck as you complete your application!

Manifest Destiny Attitude Westward Expansion - 898 Words

Manifest Destiny: Attitude towards Westward Expansion Today America is one of the major superpowers in the world and it is all a product of centuries of wars and expansion. It all started in 1492, with Christopher Columbus discovering America to the Great American Revolution with Civil War and finally the election of the first black president. Expansion has always been a major part of American development and manifest destiny is what makes America what it is today despite the negative aspects of it. Manifest Destiny is one of the peculiar features of America in the 19th century since â€Å"all nations are defined by their shared myths, but only United States had Manifest Destiny† (Amy S. Greenberg 4). I am of two minds in describing it and partially concur with this elucidation of manifest destiny that â€Å"In the mid-nineteenth century, Americans had come to believe that it was their destiny to explore, settle and exploit the entire continent and to unify it into one nation,† but I also harmonize with the expression by G eorge Caitlin that manifest destiny became â€Å"an unrequited account of sin and injustice† and U.S. citizens became â€Å"cruel dispossessors.† There were various factors which affected this expansion in the 1940s. It started with the purchase of Louisiana territory from French by Jefferson in 1803 for $15million which was a bargain for America and nearly doubled the land. One of the major aspects of this purchase was also the acquisition of the New Orleans, which was oneShow MoreRelatedManifest Destiny Essay735 Words   |  3 PagesManifest Destiny affect on Modern United States During the mid 1800’s America was at a peak of nationalism, which involved their religious beliefs. Manifest destiny describes the attitude of a white man in America during the 19th century, involving their desire for evangelization, white supremacy, and westward expansion. To a majority of the Americans, manifest destiny was a proud accomplishment they would be faced with. Manifest destiny had a negative impact on the Native Americans, however, itRead MoreManifest Destiny, By John L. Sullivan1491 Words   |  6 PagesIt is hard to read anything about the history of the United States without coming across the term â€Å"Manifest Destiny†. Manifest Destiny is a term, which was first coined by John L. Sullivan in the summer 1845 issue of the Democratic Review. â€Å"Hence it was carried into the debate on the Oregon question in the House of Representatives and proved to be such a convenient summing up of the self-confident nationalist and expansionist sentiment of the t ime that it passed into the permanent national vocabularyRead MoreWestward Expansion Of The United States1477 Words   |  6 Pagesnation consisting of only thirteen states. Over time the leaders of this county recognized that in order to prosper the nation would need to expand beyond the current set borders. Westward Expansion was the only solution, to adopt such a large endeavor meant that the population had to have a reason to migrate west. Expansion had appeal to the Southern land owners for the fact that the Missouri Compromise did not affect territories that were not part of the Louisiana Purchase, while those who did notRead MoreManifest Destiny And Westward Expansion Essay1447 Words   |  6 Pages1) OUTLINE: I. 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The history of slavery and manifest destiny became one of the main reasons why The Missouri Compromise came to be. Meanwhile, the senate was debating whether they should abolish slavery or expand it, as well as how slavery befits the country economically. Many economic, political, and social events occurred in order for The Missouri CompromiseRead MoreManifest Destiny588 Words   |  2 PagesManifest Destiny Define and discuss the phrase Manifest Destiny. Explain how this belief came to divide the nation. Manifest destiny was based on a belief presented by John OSullivan. He was a newspaper editor and publisher. In 1845, he said that the aggressive westward expansion of the nation was vital to the prosperity of the country. He believed that it was every Americans right to bring the ideas of freedom, democracy and Christianity to the Indians as well as Mexicans. In his view, theseRead More Search for national identity Essay example1071 Words   |  5 Pages The Search For National Identity Nationalism is the attitude members of a nation have when they care about their national identity. Nationalism can also be the love of a country and the willingness to make sacrifices for it. Just as a person’s identity is affected by other people and the events in their life, a nation is affected the same way. There have been many people and events that have affected the national identity of America. There were two Awakenings that spread different aspects of AmericanRead MoreMexican American War Essay709 Words   |  3 PagesThe Mexican-American War was driven by the idea of Manifest Destiny (Which is the belief that America had a God-given right to expand the countrys borders from sea to sea) This belief would eventually cause a great deal of suffering for many Mexicans, Native Americans and United States citizens. 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Effects Of Odysseus And The Odyssey - 1321 Words

Jon Salo and Max Sharp and Joe Moczynski Ms. Ksobiech and Mrs. Bowden English 9 9 February 2015 The effects of having Odysseus as your leader In the real world, examples of great leaders would be war generals and presidents. These people show great leadership by proving that they can take control of situations, these men (or women) also need to show great strength, intelligence and respect for others. Odysseus is alike most great leaders, in that he shows many of these traits and more. He is a very effective leader because of the epic hero traits, and many important Greek values he shows throughout the Odyssey. Odysseus is an effective leader because he shows strength, intelligence and respect for the gods, which helps him and his crew get out of tough situations. In the Odyssey, Odysseus is an effective leader is because he shows that he has incredible strength. (Pattern B) One reason why Odysseus is an effective hero is he demonstrates amazing strength to help him and his men get out of certain situations. This is shown in the Cyclops section when he stabs the cyclops in the eye with a giant spear. â€Å"Now by the gods, I drove my big hand spike deep in the embers, charring it again, and cheered my men along with battle talk to keep their courage up.† (Lines: 366-371) This quote demonstrates that Odysseus uses his strength to overpower an incredibly strong opponent. When he uses his strength it helps him and his men get out of the cave so no more of his men got eaten byShow MoreRelatedThe Iliad and the Odyssey1510 Words   |  7 Pagesand the Odyssey are two classic stories told by Homer. Within these two stories the roles of the gods are very important to the story line and how they affect the characters throughout. 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In addition, since stories were such an important aspect of entertainment in Greek culture, stories also shapeRead MoreTheme Of Violence In The Odyssey1025 Words   |  5 Pages The Odyssey by Homer is a literary classic that presents many themes about the natures of both man and god. Although the characters of the book display characteristics relatable to those of the people today, one of the most prevalent differences between the two eras and their people is the intense violence that takes place throughout the entirety of the epic. This violence serves several functions in the work as a whole. The violence that is enacted upon the characters of The Odyssey serve as aRea d MoreEssay about Free Will and Fate in the Odyssey1574 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Odyssey Free will and fate are both prominent in the Odyssey. In the Odyssey, free will is depicted whenever characters make decisions. In example, Odysseus blinds the Cyclops, Polyphemus. Fate, in the Odyssey, is the consequences that are dealt out due to certain actions. In the case of Odysseus and Polyphemus, the consequence is that when Odysseus is on a ship heading home to reach Ithaca, Poseidon, being the father of Polyphemus, sends a storm at Odysseus being angry that Odysseus blindedRead More Essay on Names in The Odyssey and The Bible1634 Words   |  7 PagesImportance of Names in The Odyssey and The Bible      Ã‚   Two of the most widely studied ancient works are Homer’s Odyssey and the book of Genesis from the Bible.   Each of these texts provides a unique viewpoint of an early civilization.   In both of the texts, one can learn not only stories about great heroes, but also about the way that these peoples lived and what they believed.   Many interesting parallels can be drawn between the two developing societies shown in the Odyssey and the book of GenesisRead MoreThe Odyssey Thesis Paper1620 Words   |  7 PagesThe Odyssey Thesis Paper Logan Austin Pajuelo Mr. Gruber English 1 Honors, Period 3 12/18/2012 Hunger, whether a literal hunger or a hunger for power has always been a downfall for humankind. In the Odyssey hunger destroys the lives of many men. Even though the Odyssey is just an epic it reflects in many ways how hunger can ruin and sometimes even destroy someone’s life. In history, hunger has shown itself in many different and unique ways. For example Hitler’s hunger for power destroyedRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey1533 Words   |  7 Pagesbeginning, Homer shows his intention for themes of The Odyssey to be applicable in the modern age and essentially â€Å"sing for our time† (I, 12). Homer’s epic provides the ideal reflection upon the very definition of heroism because it details the strenuous journey of Odysseus, a crafty hero whose key priority is to return home to his family. As one of the most prominent themes, The Odyssey carries forth the idea of heroism through the portrayal of Odysseus, and establishes a connection with the r eal world

Compare Single Life and Married Life Free Essays

Essay #1 Values or Traditions that Identify Colombia Colombia is located in South America and borders with five different countries such as Venezuela, Panama, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil. Colombia has been claim as â€Å"the tropical paradise†. Most Colombians are friendly, religious, and hardworking. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare Single Life and Married Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now First, in Colombia most people are friendly, happy, helpful, and caring. Although, people have been affected by the Drug War, Colombians don’t lose their positivisms, and willing to help and care for others. For instance, it is very common to hear people in the streets talking loud, laughing, and most of them have known between each other for years. Neighbors care for each other and help each other with food, or moral support. Colombians love to dance and eat great food in parties that most of the times are not special events; they are created in the spirit of happiness. Second, most Colombians were raised with Catholic believes in the past. Now in Colombia there are a variety of religions, however Colombia’s stronger believed is â€Å"El Nino Jesus†. Another important tradition for all Colombians is â€Å"The Christmas Season†. For example, From December sixteen to the twenty four families and friends get together to pray and remember the path of Jesus birthday by singing, eating, and having treats for the little kids. This is the most amazing time for almost everyone and most especial for young kids since they spend quality time with families and friends. Therefore, families choose a different home to do â€Å"La novena† because that particular house is offering dinner and treats for the guests. Therefore this tradition had passed from generation to generation. Lastly, most Colombians are hard working people, well known around the world for this quality. Most Colombians are well educated and professionals, and some of them have the opportunity to succeed in Colombia, while others travel to succeed in other countries. For example, people often travel to the United States to improve their lives and even though they are professionals they end up working in different fields none related to their profession, while others advance their education by working extra hard to accomplish their responsibilities and excel. For example, Sofia Vergara is a well know Colombian actress who came to the United States to better her carrier and she has excel incredibly. In conclusion, Colombians are conspicuous by their values and traditions and because they are recognized by other countries as people that are most often happy, responsible and have great faith. How to cite Compare Single Life and Married Life, Essays

Lord Of The Rings (1773 words) Essay Example For Students

Lord Of The Rings (1773 words) Essay Lord Of The RingsLord of the Rings: Picked ApartImagine yourself in a pre-industrial world full of mystery and magic. Imagine a world full of monsters, demons, and danger, as well as a world full of friends, fairies, good wizards, and adventure. In doing so you have just taken your first step onto a vast world created by author and scholar John Ronald Reuel Tolkien. Tolkien became fascinated by language at an early age during his schooling, in particularly, the languages of Northern Europe, both ancient and modern. This affinity for language did not only lead to his profession, but also his private hobby, the invention of languages. His broad knowledge eventually led to the development of his opinions about Myth and the importance of stories. All these various perspectives: language, the heroic tradition, and Myth, as well as deeply-held beliefs in Catholic Christianity work together in all of his works. The main elements of Tolkien’s works are Good versus Evil, characters of Christian and anti-Christian origin, and the power of imagination. In Tolkien world, evil is the antithesis of creativity, and is dependent on destruction and ruin for its basis. Conversely, goodness is associated with the beauty of creation as well as the preservation of anything that is created. The symbolic nature of these two ideologies is represented in the Elven Rings, which symbolize goodness, and the One Ring, which is wholly evil. A main theme of The Hobbit, then, is the struggle within our own free will between good will and evil. Early in the (Lord of the Rings) narrative, Frodo recalls that his uncle Bilbo, especially during his later years, was fond of declaring that†¦ there was only one Road; that it was like a great river: its springs were at every doorstep, and every path was it tributary. (Wood, 208) Bilbo, the main character of The Hobbit, often displayed his goodness throughout Tolkien’s novel. One example of this goodness is when he decides to let the evil and corrupt Gollum live, out of pity for him, in the dark caves under the mountain. Bilbo could have easily slain the horrid creature mainly because of the ring, which he was wearing at that time, gave him the power of invisibility. Instead, he risked his life to let the Gollum live by quickly jumping past the evil creature, thereby escaping death of either character. Gandalf, in a later narrative, lectures Frodo by praising Bilbo’s act of pity upon Gollum. Gandalf’s words were, Pity? It was pity that stayed his hand. Pity, and Mercy; not to strike without need. And he has been well rewarded Frodo. For Gollum, later in the novel, saved Frodo from becoming possessed by the Ring of power. Many that live deserves death. And some that die deserve life. Can you give it to them? Then do not be too eager to deal out death in judgement†¦ (Wood, 208) Another form of goodness that is displayed throughout The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings is Bilbo and Frodo’s actions of self-sacrifice. In The Hobbit there are two instances in which villains caught the dwarves, Bilbo’s fellow adventurers. Instead of fleeing their enemies, Bilbo risked his life to save the dwarves from the clutches of evil. One instance of this is when a clan of unusually large spiders captured Bilbo’s companions and planned to eat them. Bilbo then devised a plan to distract the spiders away from their victims and then silently backtracked to his companions. He then cut the dwarves from the sticky spider webs with which they were tied and, together, they fought their way to safety. Also, Frodo, in The Lord of the Rings was challenged with the destruction of the all-evil and corrupting One Ring of power. In doing so, Frodo sacrificed his life. We should also remember that Frodo’s self-sacrifice is not only for the defeat of evil; it is also for the good of society, for the whole community of created beings. The Comparison of the Representations of the Native Americans Essay Gandalf, the Christ-like wizard who lays down his life for his friends, knows that he is an unworthy bearer of the Ring – not because he has evil designs that he wants secretly to accomplish, but rather because his desire to do good is so great. (Wood 208) Gandalf is an important pawn and advantage to the hobbit and dwarves in their adventure. He often guides, gives advice, and overall helps the adventurers along in their great journey. Believers of Christianity also believe that Christ is with them, guiding and showing the way to salvation, throughout their day. Although Gandalf, in Tolkien’s novels, never cured a blind man or leper with a touch of his hand, he compares to Jesus in the miracles of his magic and spell casting. Also, the ring is a symbol of power, evil power. It is the part of nature that continually strives to destroy a person’s ability to exercise free will. In essence, the power of the Ring is the exact opposite of freedom. The purpose of the Ring is to destroy, through deceit and corruption, anything good in the world. Another way to show the evil nature of the ring is to say that it represents the omnipresence of evil. Its very existence, because it contains the evil will of its creator, Sauron, has the power to tempt, corrupt, and, in doing so, destroy. Another way in which the evil nature of the Ring can be depicted is in the way it has seemingly powerful animate abilities as an inanimate object. In order to understand this, one must realize that if the Ring is evil in itself, then it must also have the ability to work evil. It cannot necessarily create evil ideas on its own, but instead it can take advantage of any opportunity that presents itself to the Ring. Specifically, whenever Frodo actually uses the Ring, the Ring has a chance to work its corruption on him. In this way, the Ring is advantageous, and the stronger the presence of evil, the easier it is for the Ring to work on the bearer. For example, in The Lord of the Rings, the presence of the Witch-king is a tremendous evil; the Ring takes advantage of this, and convinces Frodo to use it in order to escape. Although Frodo is not permanently corrupted at this point, the Ring is slowly eating away at him, and its power over him grows each time he uses it. Book Reports

Alexander Bain and the First Fax

Alexander Bain and the First Fax Faxing is by definition a method of encoding data, transmitting it over a ​telephone line or radio broadcast, and receiving a hard copy of the text, line drawings, or photographs at a remote location. The technology for fax machines was invented a long time. However, fax machines did not become popular with consumers until the 1980s. Alexander Bain The first fax machine was invented by Scottish mechanic and inventor Alexander Bain. In 1843, Alexander Bain received a British patent for â€Å"improvements in producing and regulating electric currents and improvements in timepieces and in electric printing and signal telegraphs†, in laymens terms a fax machine. Several years earlier, Samuel Morse had invented the first successful telegraph machine and the fax machine closely evolved from the technology of the telegraph. The earlier telegraph machine sent Morse code (dots and dashes) over telegraph wires that was decoded into a text message at a remote location. More About Alexander Bain Bain was a  Scottish  philosopher and  educationalist  in the  British school of empiricism  and a prominent and innovative figure in the fields of  psychology,  linguistics,  logic,  moral philosophy  and  education reform. He founded  Mind, the first ever journal of psychology and analytical philosophy, and was the leading figure in  establishing  and applying the  scientific method  to  psychology. Bain was the inaugural  Regius Chair  in Logic and  Professor of Logic  at the  University of Aberdeen, where he also held Professorships in  Moral Philosophy  and  English Literature  and was twice elected  Lord Rector. How Did Alexander Bains Machine Work? Alexander Bains fax machine transmitter scanned a flat metal surface using a stylus mounted on a pendulum. The stylus picked up images from the metal surface. An amateur clockmaker, Alexander Bain combined parts from clock mechanisms together with telegraph machines to invent his fax machine. Fax Machine History Many inventors after Alexander Bain, worked hard on inventing and improving fax machine type devices. Here is a brief timeline: In 1850, a London inventor named F. C. Blakewell received a patent what he called a copying telegraph.In 1860, a fax machine called the Pantelegraph sent the first fax between Paris and Lyon. The Pantelegraph was invented ​by Giovanni Caselli.In 1895, Ernest Hummel a watchmaker from St. Paul, Minnesota invented his competing device called the Telediagraph.In 1902, Dr. Arthur Korn invented an improved and practical fax, the photoelectric system.In 1914, Edouard Belin established the concept of the remote fax for photo and news reporting.In 1924, the telephotography machine (a type of fax machine) was used to send political convention photos long distance for newspaper publication. It was developed by the American Telephone Telegraph Company (ATT) worked to improve telephone fax technology.By 1926, RCA invented the Radiophoto that faxed by using radio broadcasting technology.In 1947, Alexander Muirhead invented a successful fax machine.On March 4, 1955, the first radio fax tran smission was sent across the continent.

How to Write a Winning Nursing Scholarship Essay Essays

How to Write a Winning Nursing Scholarship Essay Essays How to Write a Winning Nursing Scholarship Essay Essay How to Write a Winning Nursing Scholarship Essay Essay Essay Topic: Scholarship How to Write a Winning Nursing Scholarship Essay Writing an effective essay is one of the most essential components of a successful scholarship search. In fact, many scholarship awards are based solely on the quality of the essay. The following are some tips to remember when writing a nursing scholarship essay. Prepare a clear outline for your essay. Nursing scholarship programs are looking for essays that present a clear thought pattern. You can make sure that your scholarship essay is presented in a clear manner by creating a simple outline. Your outline should include three main parts, the introduction, body and conclusion. The introduction should capture your readers’ attention and introduce the main points you will discuss in your essay. The body of your essay should be broken out into several paragraphs that present the main points of the essay. The main points should be supported with facts, thoughts, ideas, quotes and other material which will hold your readers’ interest. The conclusion of your essay should restate the main idea of your essay. It is also effective to refer to the future in the conclusion of a scholarship essay. You can do this by discussing your future career goals in the nursing field, or by stating a specific aspiration which you hope to achieve during your nursing career. Use proper grammar, spelling and punctuation. It is always important to use proper grammar, spelling and punctuation in writing a scholarship essay. Although the nursing profession may not require you to study grammar and spelling, it is essential that you avoid any simple errors in your essay. Ensuring that your essay is free of mistakes will make you look professional and leave a positive impression on the judges. Write in response to the scholarship requirements and purpose. Be sure that your essay responds to the scholarship requirements. Some scholarships may require that you intend to practice in a certain field of nursing, that you work in a certain area, or that you attend a certain nursing program or school. Your essay should clearly identify how you meet these requirements. Do as much research as you can about the scholarship program and the organization that is offering the scholarship. Organizations typically give away scholarships to promote certain interests or purposes. Make sure that you highlight the ways in which your career goals will fit with the scholarship program’s purpose. Answer any questions thoroughly. If the scholarship program has requested that your essay address certain questions, make sure you answer these questions clearly and thoroughly. This is often an easy way to for judges to weed out applications that don’t fit the award criteria. Your essay must respond to any questions which are asked, or it is likely that it will not be given consideration. Be original. Your essay will be among hundreds or even thousands of others, all from other nursing students who have the desire and ability to succeed in the nursing profession. If your essay does not stand out, it will be overlooked. To be original, you can either find a unique essay topic, or you can write about an ordinary topic and approach it in an original way. When you are trying to come up with original ideas for your essay, think about your own unique personality and experiences. What is it that made you decide to enter the field of nursing? What life experiences will you contribute to the nursing field? Spend some time thinking about what makes you unique as a nursing student and future nurse. This will help you to think of an original topic or approach. Be cautious when recycling essays. In your scholarship application process, it is likely that you will be able to use parts and pieces of essays for more than one scholarship application. However, you should not merely write one or two general essays and send them out with every scholarship application. Remember, the judges who choose the scholarship winners are looking for an essay that is original and responds to the purpose and goals of the scholarship program. If you tailor each of your essays to the particular nursing scholarship you are applying for, you will have a much greater likelihood of success. Get a second (or even third or fourth) opinion. After you have finished writing your essay, be sure to review it with at least one more person. You can ask your friends, family members, teachers, or professors to be your editors. When others review your essay, they can find errors and suggest possible improvements. You should review your essay with at least one other person, but it is even better if you can find three or more people to review your essay. Follow these guidelines, and you will be able to write an original, professional and effective essay that gives you an edge over the competition.

Management Accounting and how it can be defined Essay

Management Accounting and how it can be defined - Essay Example In other words a more complex definition of Management Accounting expands the simple one and states that the process of providing the information required by management for planning, Organizing and controlling for goals such as: ïÆ'  Recording, Analyzing and reporting on the actual cost and inputs of products, services and processes in which we are very much concerned and which is also our first question ïÆ'  Working with starting cost, function, standard of performance, revenue and quantity budgets, which is related to our second and third questions, ïÆ'  Evaluating Alternative Opportunities, this is last and fourth question. Starting with our first question and second question simultaneously, we will find out the Total Fixed Cost, Contribution Margin, variable cost and Brake Even Point Andre is running a hair cutting saloon in which 5 Barbers work for him 40 hours/week, 50 weeks/year and being paid $9.90 per hour regardless of the number of the haircuts and every one who has a h air cut gets his hair washed so the charger for the shampoo or hair wash is assumed to be already included in it which will come under fixed cost by which his Fixed Cost per year will be $99,000 and $1,750 is the rent and other fixed expenses per month which again comes under Fixed cost by which his Total Fixed Cost per year will increase by $21,000 and the Total Fixed Cost will be $120,000/year and $10,000/month (this calculation is done on yearly ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã¯Æ'  monthly basis). ... Yearlymonthly basis (this calculation is done generally). As we now have our T.F.C i.e. $120,000 we have to calculate Break Even Point i.e. how many haircuts should be done so that we get $120,000 and i.e. 10,000haircuts/year should be done so that we don't get a loss and that is our B.E.P in units. Here there is no Variable cost i.e. no such sort of charges which will increase or decrease the total cost.Moving to our 3rd question i.e. if 20,000 haircuts are performed what will be the Operating income (profit), as we have calculated before our T.F.C i.e. $120,000 which will not change if we do either 1or 10,000 Haircuts/year. Assuming that the cost for one hair cut $12 and if we do 20,000 haircuts our income will be $240,000 and now subtracting the total expenses or T.F.C i.e. $120,000 we get an Operating income i.e. a profit of $120,000. As we have assumed $12/haircut we have included the taxes, Wages, rent, all the fixed expenses, the cost of shampoo and other required material in it. After all this we get a good profit of $120,000 if the saloon works as mentioned i.e. 50weeks/year and the barbers work for 40hours/week. Now for supporting this statement one barber works 2000hours/year as per the calculation and has to do a Minimum of 2haircuts/hour, 80haircuts/week if he works 8hours/day, 5days/week which is again 40hours/week and in 50weeks he can do 4000haircut, if similar calculation is done for the other 4 Barbers our task for 20,000 haircuts will be achieved. In our 4th and last question Andre decides to pay in a revised or in a different way i.e. by decreasing the Wages/hour and giving money/haircut. Andre decides to pay $4/hour i.e. fixed cost and $6/haircut which is

Financial resources and decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Financial resources and decisions - Essay Example After utilizing the three capital budgeting techniques, I strongly recommend project A as it generates a higher annual rate of return on average investment, shortest payback period, and higher net present value. Task 2. The following table shows the computed unit costs of products A, B, and C. It should be noted that to ensure accuracy, Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet is employed in calculation. The overheads are allocated according to machine hours in the case of machining department, and labor hours in the pressing and cutting department. The overhead rates are computed as follows: 1. For machining overhead costs, the total amount of overhead costs is computed and is divided with the total machine hours; 2. For cutting, the total overhead allocated to cutting is divided by the total number of labour hours both skilled and unskilled; 3. For pressing, the total overhead allocated to pressing is divided by the total number of labour hours used. Thus, machining has an overhead rate of 2.33/ machine hour, cutting has an overhead rate of 1.83 labor hour, and pressing has an overhead rate of 1.42/labor hour. For the services department, these are the cost allocations: The overhead costs for the services departments are allocated based on machine and labor hours computed above. For example, the overhead rate for cutting is allocated by dividing the total costs for cutting by the total number of skilled and unskilled labor hours for cutting. The following are the computed overhead rates for the engineering department: while the following are the computed overhead rates for the personnel department: It should be noted that in the case of personnel department costs allocated to the engineering department and vice versa is computed by...However, this technique disregards the additional cash flow which can be recouped from the project as it only focuses on the time when the whole investment will be recovered. The Net Present Value (NPV) analysis is very much different from the other two techniques discussed as it takes into account the time value of money. This method recognizes that the value of a pound today is greater than its expected value tomorrow. This technique is favored by more economists and managers because it is more realistic. It also takes into account the total cash flow from the investment including the depreciation and the tax shield from it. After utilizing the three capital budgeting techniques, I strongly recommend project A as it generates a higher annual rate of return on average investment, shortest payback period, and higher net present value. The overhead costs for the services departments are allocated based on machine and labor hours computed above. For example, the overhead rate for cutting is allocated by dividing the total costs for cutting by the total number of skilled and unskilled labor hours for cutting. It should be noted that in the case of personnel department costs allocated to the engineering department and vice versa is computed by dividing the total cost to the total number of units produced for each product. Price sett

EU Environmental Policy Criticisms

EU Environmental Policy Criticisms EU environmental policy is no environmental policy at all; it is in fact no more than an extension of economic policy. Discuss. Detailed below is a wide-ranging discussion of the arguments for and against the notion that EU environmental policy is no environmental policy at all and is merely in actuality an extension of the community’s economic policy. The EU Commission has certainly made claims about the importance and the extensive scope of its own environmental policy in recent years, especially since the late 1980s. There are arguments that can be made to defend or refute the notion that the EU’s environmental policy is not so extensive or indeed as far ranging as it might appear to be. Arguments in favour as well of the idea that environmental policy are only an element or an extension of the EU’s economic policy. The links between the EU’s environmental and economic policy, as will be discussed, are not necessarily straightforward even if the origins of environmental policy would appear to be so. Due to the founding principles and structures of the EU it could be argued that all non-economic policy areas originally developed from a starting point within the community economy, as it was originally a community that confined its remit to economic policy except in the most exceptional of circumstances. However, there has been most notably in the form of the EU Commission, elements within the EU that believe the community should have a much wider sphere of policy making than just economic policy. Primarily to drive the integration processes forward and solve any common problems or issues upon a community basis rather than on a national basis. The origins of EU environmental policy are undeniably rooted in the economic policy of the EU. There are various reasons as to why that is the case. The EU as an organisation was established to promote strong economic growth within its member states. As far as the founders of the EU were concerned, there was no need to have separate environmental policy as nobody in the 1950s knew or believed that environmental issues were even a concern, let alone of critical importance to the long term future of Europe. The first stepping stone on the way to the formation of the EU was the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1952 that integrated coal and steel production in the six original member states. Coal and steel production were regarded as being the most important elements of promoting high levels of growth in Western Europe (Judt, 2007, p.156). The success of the ECSC led to the formation of the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1957 with an expanded scope t o integrate economic policy within the member states. It was an expansion, which led to the introduction of the Common Agricultural Policy to protect the agricultural sectors of the countries within the community. There were obviously environmental consequences of the economic policy pursued by the inception of the community, these were not known (James, 2003, p.400). The EU and none of its member states had detailed or systematic environmental policy in the 1950s or the 1960s; even if there were any environmental problems those problems would be resolved upon an ad hoc basis. Very few people at that time took a serious view of environmental issues (Thompson, 2001, p.199). When the EU Commission began to regard environmental issues of being some relevance to the quality of life, it found it difficult to persuade the governments of member states that they needed to take action to improve the environment (Sawka Stevens, 2000, p.156). Arguably, it took longer for the EU to develop env ironmental policy, as its member states did not believe that there were any viable reasons for the establishment of such environmental policy. Some governments of the EU member states were more likely to be receptive to the ideas of environmentalist groups than other governments are. For instance, West Germany and the Netherlands (Eatwell Wright, 2003, p.233). The EU Commission did regard the development of environmental policy as an addition on to its economic policy, which bore its first fruit in the adoption of an environmental programme in 1972. The first programme aimed at reducing the pollution linked with industrial and agricultural production techniques (Jones et al, 2004 p.696). In terms of actually helping to improve the environment the early programmes of the EU were limited in outlook and did not have to be fully adopted by the member states of the EU. Certainly when referring to EU environmental policy in the 1970s, claim that EU environmental policy was not policy at all could be fully justified. The EU Commission was well aware at that time as to the limits of its own ability to pursue policy that diverged too far from its economic policy and the limited extent to which such policy would actually be carried out (Wallace Wallace, 2000 p. 62). The limited EU environmental policy that emerged during the 1970s was influenced by increased scientific evidence of environmental pollution and change, there were political and economic reasons for the attempts at forming policy. One factor was the slowing down of economic growth, which had previously been impressive during the 1950s and the 1960s; the EU Commission explored ways of stimulating economic growth in alternative ways. Another factor for considering the adoption of environmental policy was provided by the Oil Crisis of 1973. The Oil Crisis was prompted by the United States support for Israel during the Yom Kippur War that resulted in the Arab oil producers cutting off oil supplies to the United States, the EU and Japan. The Oil Crisis led to significant price rises that provoked an international economic downturn (Hobsbawm, 1994, p.245). The effect of the Oil Crisis upon the EU environmental policy would prove to be short term and temporary. Member states reacted differe ntly to the realisation of just how dependent their economic growth was on oil. The Netherlands and West Germany made limited efforts to improve fuel efficiency, France concentrated on maintaining good relations with the Arab States and only Britain at that point had its own oil supplies (*). For the EU Commission the Oil Crisis of 1973 was ample demonstration of the need for more integrated economic and even environmental policy, rather than leaving individual member states to make their own decisions. Environmental policy was definitely secondary to economic policy and if economic policy was not sufficient, then environmental policy was arguably no policy at all (Bache George, 2006 p. 10). Concerns about pollution remained the main factors influencing the development and expansion of the EU’s environmental policy. The EU Commission and the new Environment Directorate-General it established in 1981 sought to give EU environmental policy a higher public profile in the early 1980s. However, the impact of such publicity was negligible in comparison to the hard hitting recession prompted and worsened by the sharp rise in crude oil prices during 1979, which were a consequence of the Iranian Revolution (Jones et al, 2004, p.695). The Environment Directorate-General attempted to increase the impetus of the EU’s environmental policy by setting tougher targets to reduce air, water and land pollution, as well as seeking to amend the Common Agricultural Policy to decrease levels of soil erosion and use of chemicals. When the EU commission and the Environment Directorate-General sought to reduce the use of chemical fertilisers, pesticides to reduce the environmental d amage caused by the intensive farming methods actively promoted by the Common Agricultural Policy. In the early 1980s the demands of the EU’s environmental policy decision-makers to reduce the environmental impact of the Common Agricultural Policy were to a great extent ignored. Indeed the only demands to alter the Common Agricultural Policy that stood any realistic chance of being successful related to the EU considering the option of reducing the Common Agricultural Policy expenditure (Cini, 2003, p.256). The impact and influence of the EU’s environmental policy would start to increase from the middle of the 1980s. Although prior to that time its policy had been so limited when put into operation that it only made a minimal difference at best to reducing environmentally harmful practices within the EU. Observers of the EU’s environmental policy could certainly had been forgiven that there was no policy in operation at all (Sawka Stevens, 2000, p.156). The ine ffectiveness of the EU’s earliest environmental policy was down to member states putting their economic interests first. It was due to the lack of coherent policy and strategy put forward by the Environment Directorate-General and the EU Commission, as well as the widespread belief that environmental issues were not that important (Wallace Wallace, 2000 p.30). There are however, arguments that EU environmental is actually now a distinctive and increasingly important policy area within its own right. Environmental policy may have evolved as part of the EU economic policy, yet it is an over simplification to contend that it is not an environmental policy at all. The original structures of the EU meant that the primary focus of the community is economic, as full agreement could not be reached on other features of the EU. The governments of member states were mainly content to share power with the EU when it came to economic policy than other policy areas, such as defence and foreign policy. There was two alternative concepts of how the EU should operate as a Europe of Nations, or as supranational organisation that closely integrated all policy areas for its member states. The ineffectiveness of early attempts to establish an extensive environmental policy were not helped by the slow pace of integration until the mid 1980s, it is no coincidenc e that the effectiveness of the EU’s environmental measures have increased whilst the EU has gained extra powers (Sawka Stevens, 2000 p. 156). Undoubtedly, the importance attributed to the pursuit of successful environmental policy within the EU was increased due to much stronger evidence of environmental damage which emerged during the 1980s especially in relation to the greenhouse effect (Eatwell Wright, 2003, p.234). Stronger scientific evidence had increased the media and the public awareness of the need for more effective and extensive environmental policy by both the EU and the governments of all member states. Taking measures to protect the environment transformed from being the preserve of environmentalist groups to an important issue for national governments and the EU to consider. As the EU already had an environmental policy it just had to consider ways of making its policy more extensive in scope and more effective in operation than before (Jordan, 1999, p. 74). Therefore the EU Commission and the Environment Directorate-General had a strong case for expanding the scope of the EU’s environmental policy. They could contend that environmental problems are on a global scale so that regional solutions would be of greater use in protecting the environment than the solutions put forward by the governments of the EU member states upon an individual basis. Of course, not all the member states of the EU had the same impact upon the environment. For instance, Britain, West Germany and France had a greater impact due to their larger populations and higher consumption levels. Some member states such as West Germany and the Netherlands had already begun measures to protect the environment earlier than the other EU member states (Bache George, 2006 p. 10, Duff, 1997 p.237). The institutional changes of the EU which were a consequence of the Single European Act had a strong influence upon the EU being able to adopt tougher and more extensive measures within the scope of its environmental policy. Prior to the signing of the Single European Act, the governments of member states were able to veto any legislation or proposed EU policy within the framework of the Council of Ministers. The EU Commission had thus generally worked hard to achieve compromise over proposed legislation to avoid such proposals vetoed. Such a structure was blamed for slowing down the process of EU integration, as well as reducing the scope and the effectiveness of EU policy. The EU structure had been stretched by the enlargements of the 1970s and the 1980s, which had also slowed down the deepening of the integration process. The primary objectives of the Single European Act were of course economic and political, although the move towards qualified majority voting on the Council of Mi nisters meant the EU found it easier to pass directives and legislation. That was due to legislation or directives were part of its environmental policy that no longer needed unanimous agreement to become adopted throughout the community. With the need to gain unanimous agreement over EU environmental policy within the Council of Ministers gone, it allowed the EU to put forward policy proposals more frequently and for those proposals to be carried forward more quickly with less chance of being watered down. The rationale behind the single market provided further justification of the EU to expand its environmental policy, so that all member states were implementing the same standards and aiming to achieve the same targets in reducing environmental damage through enhanced policy integration and co-operation (Bache George, 2006, p.253). To argue that the EU environmental policy is no policy at all also ignores the efforts that the EU has made to limit and reduce the damage done to the environmental by its member states. The notion of there not been an environment policy fails to mention its efforts to reach global agreements over the reduction of pollution and damage (). To its credit the EU Commission decided to act upon the evidence of the greenhouse effect, global warming and the shrinkage of the ozone layer. Action to stop the use of CFCs and thus stop the damage to the ozone layer, that was proven to be causing major levels of environmental damage. The agreement to phase out the use of CFCs was the first major worldwide accord to take action to protect the environment. The EU would be a prime mover in instigating further worldwide agreements culminating in the Rio Earth Summit and the Kyoto Protocol. In political terms the Rio Earth Summit and the Kyoto Protocol were notable achievements, in the fact that envir onmental protection was recognised as a major problem for the planet’s future. The agreements reached at the Rio Earth Summit and the Kyoto Protocol were criticised in some quarters for not going far enough to protect the environment, yet they are necessary steps in countering the greenhouse effect (Wallace Wallace, 2000 p. 293). The EU had to readjust its environmental programmes to reflect the greater levels of pollution in the former communist states of Central and Eastern Europe before they were allowed to join the EU. The only exception was the former East Germany, which because subject to all EU legislation and programmes as soon as it reunited with West Germany in 1990. In the former communist states of Central and Eastern Europe programmes in how to improve the environment were introduced at the same time as economic and political reforms to make these states liberal democracies that would eventually be ready to join the EU (Sawka Stevens, 2000 p. 176). The EU Commission realised that enlargement to include the former communist states of Central and Eastern Europe would also have implications for its regional development funds and the Common Agricultural Policy, as well as for environment programmes. Enlargement makes it harder to reach agreements over budgets and programmes, whilst obviously those p rogrammes that are adopted and implemented will have more of an impact upon the environment (Cini, 2003 p.257). The enlargement of the EU has complicated the policy making process meaning it can take longer to develop and implement programmes that will protect the environment (Bache George, 2006 p. 30). Therefore, the EU environment policy was derived from its economic policy. As the whole original rationale of the EU was to promote economic growth and prosperity within its member states it is hardly surprising that economic programmes dominated its policy-making processes. It certainly took a couple of decades before the EU Commission began to develop a separate environment policy and even longer to make those policies more than superficial or merely symbolic. The delay in forming an effective environment programme was due to the lack of evidence of the greenhouse effect or global warming which meant that the EU contented itself with putting general measures to reduce pollution. At that point stating that EU environment policy was no policy at all would have been completely justified. From the 1980s the scope of policy was increased due to concerns about the greenhouse effect and global warming. The capacity to pursue a more proactive environment programme was enhanced as a consequ ence of the Single European Act, which allowed environmental measures to be approved by a qualified majority, rather than by a unanimous vote. The greater commitment of the EU to adopting more effective environment protection programmes and agreed targets at the Rio Earth Summit and the Kyoto Protocol. However, despite efforts to make the environment a more prominent issue the EU is still primarily an organisation that has economic agendas that are the most important of its policy objectives and remits. Bibliography Bache I George S, (2006) Politics in the European Union, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford Duff L, (1997) The Economics of Governments and Markets – new directions in European public policy, Longman, London Eatwell R Wright A (2003) Contemporary Political Ideologies 2nd Edition, Continuum, London Hobsbawm, E (1994) Age of Extremes, the Short Twentieth Century 1914-1991, Michael Joseph, London James H, (2003) Europe Reborn – A History, 1914 – 2000, Pearson Longman, Harlow Jones B, Kavanagh D, Moran M, Norton P, (2004) Politics UK, 5th edition, Pearson Longman, London Jordan, (1999) The Implementation of EU Environmental Policy; a policy problem without a political solution, Government Policy, Vol 17, no 11 Judt T, (2007) Post-war – A History of Europe since 1945, Pimlico, London and New York Sawka R Stevens A, (2000) Contemporary Europe, MacMillan Press, Basingstoke Wallace H Wallace W, (2000) Policy – Making in the European Union, 4th edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford

Life Is a Gift

Life†¦ a four-letter word yet given with a pile of various meanings and values. It is an abstract idea that has brought into reality with every living thing. If we are to pause and sit back, thinking those days as we dwell on this earth, had it also occur to us how we live our life with? Have we ever realized how blessed we have been to get up each morning alive to face another day? Today, before we complain about what has life brought us, we should think first of those things which we may find less of value.As frequently said, â€Å"Every great thing starts from the little ones,† so why not appreciate every little thing we got? Life is precious. People are priceless. We have got life likewise; we have got people whom we can cherish our life with. Perhaps, there were times when we felt like giving up; when we were so depressed about everything that was happening, and when we thought life has been cruel to us. But, what we did not think so is the reason behind of all the m isfortunes we encounter. Challenges make us wiser, our sufferings make us tougher, and our yearnings make us stronger.So, we should try not to worry if things did not turn out well the way we expect them to be. Each passing day is a treasure, a great sign that we are given another chance to live and eventually, to turn into a new leaf so we could be a better person with brighter future. These reasons are enough to make us realize the significance of life. So, when depressing thoughts seem to get us down, we should always be reminded with those beautiful things that will lift us up and be grateful with the gift of life.

Bounty Paper Towel Add

Bounty, the quick picker upper! When we see a commercial on our T. V. screens today, we always see in print or hear the narrator telling us that their product or the service they are promoting to us is one of the best of its kind. They use all types of appeals and techniques to reel us in, making whatever they are trying to sell to us either pretty, shiny, worth-buying, or they use bold simple states telling us things such as, â€Å"Once you get it, you won’t be able to live without it. By using these statements and methods of gaining viewers, the ad or commercial gains what it truly aspired for; attention and the need and/or desire to buy the product. In the ad â€Å"Bounty Big Spills† the bold statement and exaggerated visuals are created to intrigue the consumer to buy a useful household item. Rhetorical devices can be used in multiple ways and they can be represented to us in many different forms. In advertisements, the most blatant rhetorical language is shown thr ough the element of visual rhetorical devices and figures.In the ad for â€Å"Bounty Big Spills† paper towels, we can closely analyze the main devices the author/creator uses to appeal to the audience. First off, the hyperbole is the overall device used to appeal to us; it designates a relatable incident of society and family issues in our mind but by maximizing the paper towels to the largest potential, which brings about the easy use and reliability of it. In the ad by â€Å"Bounty† there displays a large scaled coffee cup that has spilled and clearly needs some kind of cleanup.When looked at more closely, you notice a just as gigantic pack of â€Å"Bounty Paper Towels† next to the spill, indicating that the towels are big enough to handle any mess. Big or small. The motto â€Å"Makes small work of BIG spills† is displayed on the paper towels and presents the message to the audience that even the biggest Popsicle or coffee mess is no trouble for a sheet of paper towels by â€Å"Bounty†. It presents this through immense exaggerations of messes that would usually be scaled minimally rather than to the max.It also uses relatable visuals of coffee cups, popsicles, and a familiar New York and Los Angeles setting to relate to the audience and the nature of messes and society. The mix of visuals and hyperboles reminds the reader/audience that the product is grand, extremely effective, and better than anything out there. Paper towels aren’t grand in any aspect, but they do have effectiveness in clean up that most mothers/dads/parents love to see and through this ad, feel that the messes shown are no match for Bounty.When considering the intended obvious for this ad, it was difficult to narrow down the select group that the author is trying to adhere to. However, when closely observing the ad, it’s evident that moms, dads, parents in general, and on-the-go working people is the intended audience for this advertisement. This is because the visual image shows a Popsicle, which helps relate to a child’s mess throughout the day. By relating the Popsicle mess to that of a young child’s mess, the ad did a profound job of connecting the two, thus presenting an argument that even the biggest Popsicle dropped by a child is no match for Bounty.On the other hand, a â€Å"Starbucks† coffee cup is also portrayed as one of the messes, making the working class or on-the-go parents, an audience as well. Because of this representation of the on-the-go folk, Bounty broadened its audience level and appealed to more consumers. Some ads are made to send a direct message to their intended audience. As paper towel ads go, there are more explicit or direct messages that state â€Å"This paper towel can clean up any spills! † On the other hand, Bounty’s use of implicit and explicit messages conveys a sense of established creditability with the audience.The most obviously demonstrated an d expressed message of â€Å"Makes small work of BIG spills† contradicts the implicit message that sure, it makes small work of big spills, but paper waste adds pollution to our population versus using cloth towels. The hidden message of complication within our society falls short of the intended message; however, the pollution factor has to be taken into consideration before buying such a fast and easy acting product. Sure, for some, that message would never be brought to light making the decision to buy Bounty, a no brainer.But for some, that might be the deciding factor in whether or not they purchase it. Bounty paper towels have been commonly known to pick up messes. However, when the hyperboles and enlarged items are shown in this way, it makes it seem like the brand is now bigger and better than ever. Designed with children and parents in mind, the author uses logical appeals of â€Å"big messes† to appeal to the intended audience. He does this in a way that sets the audience up for an ultimatum.You choices are to either buy the paper towels or have a 14 foot Popsicle on the floor in your kitchen. The answer is obvious here. By alluring the audience through definitive logic, the author implies that without â€Å"Bounty†, you will have messes galore. The display of two oversized items defends his implication. Bounty does an exceptional job of achieving their audience and their positive reaction. Despite the fact that the pollution factor might be an issue to a select few folks, Bounty’s message would nonetheless receive a positive and controlled response.Though there are other brands of paper towels, â€Å"Bounty’s† creation of a special advertisement that enhances their product to make it seem larger and better quality than any other pursues the intended reaction of â€Å"I need to buy this! † They create this reaction through hyperboles and implicit messages that suggest that even a 14 foot coffee spill c an be cleaned up with a simple paper towel. Works Cited Bounty Paper Towels, Bounty. Advertisement. 4 April 2009. 1. Print

How Does the Presence of a Confucian Culture Affect the...

In 1979 the third word-wide wave of democratization was due to the overthrow of Portuagese dictatorship in Europe which spread to Asia during the 1980s. The third word-wide wave of democratization did not however affect the undemocratic East Asian countries as they challenged the notion of demoratization and avocated â€Å"Asian Values†. Asian values refers to the strong traditional cultural values such as Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism which co-exists in East Asian societies. The purpose of this essay is to explore Confucian culture and how it may affect the operation of democracy in East Asia. Confucianism is tradition of political and social thought named after the scholar Kongzi (Confucius 551-479 B.C), it is still widely practiced/†¦show more content†¦Huntington states in order for democracy to take roots in a Confucian society, undemocratic elements in Confucianism must be superseded by democratic elements.According to Schumpeter the definition of democracy the democratic method is that institutional arrangement for arriving at political decisions in which individuals acquire the power to decide by means of a competitive struggle for the people’s vote.4 Most Asian countries avocate â€Å"Asian vaules† such as Confucianism which has been central to Chinas political and social system for many years. Democracy can not exist without individual liberty, equality and pluralism these values are opposite to Confucian values and therefore conflict may arise. It is vital that East Asians have other options and do not necessarly have to choose between a democratic society and their strong Confucian heritage. The idea of â€Å"Confucian Democracy† for those who oppose it maybe considered an oxymoron, although for confucian societies it is a better alternative than democracy. Confucian democracy â€Å"modernizes Confucianism with democratic values and modifies democracy with Confucian concerns†1.Equality and freedom is a universal democratic value which all people are entitled to, many theorist have argued due to democracy societies can experience economical growth 2Zhengxu Wang argues â€Å"it does not matter whether there is a Confucian Asia orShow MoreRelatedEssay on Global Business Cultural Analysis: Singapore5463 Words   |  22 Pagescomplexities of the relationship the US should consider before deciding to conduct business in Singapore. 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